Indian Railways (IR) is an Indian state-owned enterprise, owned and operated by the government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the world’s largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,000 km and 7,500 stations. Indian Railways carries about 7,500 million passengers annually or more than 20 million passengers daily and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive and coach production facilities at several places in India and are assigned codes identifying their gauge, kind of power and type of operation. Its operations cover twenty four states and three union territories and also provide limited international services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Indian Railways is the world’s fourth largest commercial or utility employer, by number of employees, with over 1.4 million employees. As for rolling stock, IR holds over 229,381 Freight Wagons, 59,713 Passenger Coaches and 9,213 Locomotives. The trains have a 5 digit numbering system as the Indian Railways runs about 10,000 trains daily. As of 31 March 2012, 22,224 km (13,809 mi) (34%) of the total 65,000 km (40,000 mi) km route length was electrified. Indian Railways is divided into several zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1952 and sixteen in 2003. Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number of divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions. Each of the sixteen zones is headed by a General Manager (GM) who reports directly to the Railway Board. The zones are further divided into divisions under the control of Divisional Railway Managers (DRM). The divisional officers of engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal and telecommunication, accounts, personnel, operating, commercial and safety branches report to the respective Divisional Manager and are in charge of operation and maintenance of assets. Further down the hierarchy tree are the Station Masters who control individual stations and the train movement through the track territory under their stations’ administration.
Source – Wikipedia
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When a nut is rounded, there’s only a few ways to safely loosen it without damaging the thread.
Here’s a way that involves filing down 2 sides of the nut, so you have 2 flat edges, then with a close fit spanner and a wedged in screw driver, you can then have the leverage needed to open it.